Explanation and Analysis of the Message of Poetry and the Poet in Naser Khosrow Ghobadiani's Cosmic Vision
تبیین و تحلیل رسالت شعر و شاعری در جهاننگری ناصرخسرو قبادیانی
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36586/Keywords:
naser khosro, the mission of poetry, persian poetry, literary criticism, poetry theory, رسالت شعر, شعر فارسی, ناصرخسرو, نقد ادبی, نظریه شعرAbstract
Naser Khosrow Ghobadiani, a poet and philosopher of the fifth century AH, is considered one of the most prominent thinkers who addressed poetry as a central theme in his literary output. He viewed poetry as an intellectual and religious tool. As a result of his profound spiritual transformation, Nasir Khusraw considered committed poetry to be a type that only serves reason and religion. He rejected several types of poetry, such as satire, ghazal, humor, fantasy, and descriptive poetry, considering them to be nonsense that hinders the achievement of wisdom and religion. Naser Khosrow listed numerous messages for poetry and the poet, the most prominent of which is the religious message. In this paper, which uses a descriptive-analytical method, we examine the message of poetry and the poet from Naser Khosrow's perspective in two aspects: the word and the content. The paper concludes that although the aesthetics and precision of the word are important to Naser Khosrow, he gave more importance to the content and meaning in determining the function of poetry. While the verbal (the word) message remains confined to a limited number of verses that are difficult to categorize, the thematic (the content) message is divided into eight main categories and four subcategories, which, according to quantitative and qualitative analysis, are as follows: 1. Avoiding nonsense (humor, ghazal, fantasy, and descriptive poetry); 2. The socio-political message (criticism and rejection of praise); 3. The religious message 4. Adherence to wisdom and its principles; 5. Rationality and convincing the audience with logical arguments; 6. Guidance to the inner self and deeper meaning;
- Enlightenment and awareness; 8. Moral message.
چکیده
ناصر خسرو قبادیانی، شاعر و فیلسوف قرن پنجم هـ .ق در اشعار خود نگاهی مسئلهمند به مقولۀ شعر و شاعری دارد. او در پی تحول عظیم روحی خود، شعر متعهد را شعری دانسته که تنها در خدمت عقل و دین باشد و مدح، غزل، هزل، شعر محال و شعر توصیفی را لغو و بیهوده و مانع وصول به حکمت و دین برشمرده است. وی ذیل اشعار خویش، رسالتهای متعددی را برای شعر و شاعری برشمرده که از مهمترین آنها، رسالت دینی است. در این مقاله که به شیوۀ توصیفی-تحلیلی انجام شده است، رسالت شعر و شاعری از دیدگاه ناصرخسرو را از دو جنبۀ لفظی و محتوایی بررسی نمودهایم؛ حاصل آنکه هرچند سخته و سنجیده بودن لفظ برای ناصر خسرو مهم است اما هنگام تبیین رسالت شعر و شاعری، به مباحث محتوایی اهمیت بیشتری داده است. رسالت شعر و شاعری از نظر ناصر خسرو در ساحت لفظ محدود به چند بیت است و نمیتوان برای آن طبقهبندی ارائه کرد ولیکن در ساحت محتوا در هشت زیرمجموعه و چهار پیوست طبقهبندی شده است که طبق بررسیهای کمّی و کیفی به این ترتیباند: 1. پرهیز از بیهودهگویی (هزل، تغزل، شعر محال و توصیف) 2. رسالت سیاسی-اجتماعی (پرهیز از مدح) 3. رسالت دینی 4. پیروی از فرامین حکمی 5. خردورزی و اقناع عقلی مخاطب 6. رهنمون کردن به باطن 7. روشنگری 8. رسالت اخلاقی.
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