The passive of verbs constructed with prepositions

Das Passiv der mit Präpositionen konstruierten Verben

Authors

  • Afrah Majeed Hadi University of Baghdad ,College of Languages, Department of German Language, Baghdad, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0317

Keywords:

Active voice, transitive prepositional verbs, passive voice (state), reflexive verbs (state)., Aktiv/ Präpositionalobjekt/ Zustandspassiv/ Zustandsreflexiv/ Passivfähig,

Abstract

 Verbs in German and Arabic are of two types: active and passive. Passive voice  is a grammatical voice construction that is found in many languages.  Out of grammatical perspective, each main verb has a form in the active and one in the passive known as a "genus verbi" (type of verb). In passive voice, both in German and in Arabic, the focus is on the action itself or on the result of the action; often the perpetrator is not mentioned. In German, to conjugate verbs in the passive voice, you must know the forms of werden (to become). German uses werden  + the past participle and states it at the end of a sentence. In Arabic, the passive is formed by changing the vowels on the verb; the vowel series u-i-a occurs instead of the a-vowels.

 Transitive prepositional verbs originally are intransitive verb with a preposition added to the action of the sentence. In German, the prepositional group can be combined with the prepositions von or durch, while in Arabic, such a prepositional group occurs only in certain cases. In contrast to Arabic, the passive in German is impossible with reflexive verbs. In some cases, an impersonal passive in German corresponds with a personal passive in Arabic. The present paper discusses some of these verbs traced in a chart that shows the most important results when compared with their Arabic equivalents.

In grammatischen Darstellung findet man für jedes Vollverb eine Form im Aktiv und eine im Passiv, es wird von „genus verbi“ (Art des Verbs) gesprochen. Im Passiv steht sowohl im Deutschen als auch im Arabischen das Geschehen selbst oder das Ergebnis der Handlung im Vordergrund; aus der Sicht der betroffenen Person oder Sache; oft wird der Täter nicht gennant. Im Deutschen wird die passivische Verbform mit dem Hilfsverb werden und dem Partizip II gebildet, während die Vokalreihe u-i-a anstelle der a- Vokale im Arabischen eintritt. Die im Aktiv mit Präpositionen verbundenen Verben bilden in beiden Sprachen ein unpersönliches Passiv. Im Deutschen kann die Präpositionalgruppe mit den Präpositionen von oder  durch verbunden werden. Im Unterschied dazu tritt solche Präpositionalgruppe im Arabischen nur in bestimmten Fällen mit من قبل   auf. Im Unterschied zum Arabischen ist das Passiv im Deutschen bei reflexiv Verben unmöglich. In einigen Fällen entspricht ein unpersönliches Passiv im Deutschen einem persönlichen Passiv im Arabischen.

Author Biography

  • Afrah Majeed Hadi, University of Baghdad ,College of Languages, Department of German Language, Baghdad, Iraq

    Afrah M. Hadi was born in Baghdad 1966.In the summer of 1994 I started my training at the evening language faculty - German department. In 1998 I finished my studies with the distinction very good. At the end of September 2001 I obtained my master's degree in German studies. In 2004 I worked in the language faculty - German department as a university lecturer. Since then I have been teaching German grammar. As a result, I did both literary and linguistic research that will be published. I also took part in conferences and development courses in München, Marburg, Münster and Kassel.

    E-mail: [email protected]

     

     

References

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Published

2021-06-01

Issue

Section

Department of German Language

How to Cite

The passive of verbs constructed with prepositions: Das Passiv der mit Präpositionen konstruierten Verben. (2021). Journal of the College of Languages (JCL), 44, 317-336. https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2021.0.44.0317

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