The Function of Artistic Ambiguity in the Language of Modern Arabic Poetry: A Comparative Study of Nazik Al-Malaika, Al-Sayyab, and Al-Bayati
کاربست ابهام هنری در زبان شعر نو عربی: بررسی تطبیقی شعر نازک الملائکه، سیاب و بیاتی
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.36586/Keywords:
Artistic ambiguity, polysemy, Nazik Al-Malaika, Al-Sayyab, Al-Bayati, symbolism, imagery, ابهام هنری, چندمعنایی, نازک الملائکه, سیاب, بیاتی, نمادگرایی, تصویرپردازیAbstract
Modern Arabic poetry, in its transition from the traditional clarity of expression in classical poetry, increasingly employed artistic ambiguity as an aesthetic strategy and expressive tool. This tendency, extending beyond mere linguistic complexity, responded to the necessity of conveying complex contemporary human experiences and a new worldview unrepresentable through the explicit, monosemantic forms of traditional poetry. Artistic ambiguity functions as a gateway towards polysemy, interpretive uncertainty, and the openness of the poetic text. This research employs a descriptive-analytical approach to explore the functions of artistic ambiguity in contemporary Arabic poetry, focusing on analyzing its manifestations in the works of three pioneers of modernism: Nazik Al-Malaika, Badr Shakir al-Sayyab, and Abd al-Wahhab al-Bayati. The paper examines how this ambiguity is achieved through mechanisms such as imagery, symbolism, and the use of myth. Findings indicate that artistic ambiguity in the poetry of these pioneers, far from being a mere emerging phenomenon, has become a constitutive element in their poetic vision and the aesthetic structure of their works. Its fundamental functions include deepening the poetic experience, challenging semantic certainties, and activating the reader’s role in the process of meaning-making. Ultimately, this research argues that artistic ambiguity, by creating a space for continuous reflection and interpretation, has enhanced the impact and stylistic richness of these poets’ work. This attests to the complexity and maturity of modern aesthetics in Arabic poetry, rendering each reading a unique interaction between the reader’s semantic horizon and the text’s boundless potential.
چکیده
شعر نوی عربی، در گذار از سنت وضوح بیانی شعر کلاسیک، به شکلی فزاینده ابهام هنری را به مثابه یک راهبرد زیباییشناختی و ابزار بیانی به کار گرفت. این گرایش که فراتر از پیچیدگی زبانی صرف است، پاسخی بود به ضرورت بیان تجارب پیچیدهی انسان معاصر و جهانبینی نوینی که در قالبهای صریح و تکمعنایی شعر سنتی قابل بازنمایی نبود. ابهام هنری به مثابه دریچهای به سوی چندمعنایی، عدم قطعیت تأویلی و گشایش متن شعری عمل میکند. پژوهش حاضر با اتخاذ رویکردی توصیفی-تحلیلی، به کاوش در کارکردهای ابهام هنری در شعر معاصر عربی، با تمرکز بر تحلیل جلوههای آن در آثار سه پیشگام نوگرایی، نازک الملائکه، بدر شاکر سیاب و عبدالوهاب بیاتی، میپردازد. مقاله چگونگی تحقق این ابهام از طریق سازوکارهایی چون تصویرپردازی، نمادپردازی و اسطورهپردازی را بررسی میکند. یافتهها نشان میدهد که ابهام هنری در شعر این پیشگامان، فراتر از پدیدهای نوظهور، به عنصری سازنده در جهانبینی شاعرانه و ساختار زیباییشناختی آثارشان بدل شده است. کارکردهای بنیادین آن شامل عمقبخشی به تجربه شعری، شکستن قطعیتهای معنایی و فعالسازی نقش مخاطب در فرایند معناسازی است. در نهایت، این پژوهش استدلال میکند که ابهام هنری، با ایجاد فضایی برای تأمل و تفسیر مستمر، موجب تأثیرگذاری و غنای سبک شعری این شاعران شده است. این موضوع گواهی بر پیچیدگی و بلوغ زیباییشناسی مدرن در شعر عربی است که هر خوانشی را به تعاملی منحصربهفرد میان افق معنایی خواننده و ظرفیتهای نامحدود متن بدل میسازد.
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