Gender and Supportive Moves of Criticism: Evidence from Iraqi-Arabic and Malay Speech Communities

Authors

  • Shurooq Abboodi Ali University of Baghdad, College of Arts, Department of English Language, Baghdad, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2020.0.42.0027

Keywords:

Criticism, supportive moves, gender, Iraqis, Malays

Abstract

This study aims to reveal the similarities and differences between Iraqi and Malay university learners and their genders in producing the supportive moves of criticism. To this end, 30 Iraqi and 30 Malay university learners have participated in this study. A Discourse Completion Test (DCT) and a Focus Group Interview (FGI) are conducted to elicit responses from the participants. Nguyen’s (2005) classification of criticism supportive moves is adapted to code the data. The data are analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. Overall, the findings unveil that both groups use similar categories of supportive moves, but Iraqis produce more of these devices than Malays in their criticisms. Although both females and males of both groups use identical devices, they differ in their preference for producing particular types. Iraqi and Malay females prefer to produce more supportive moves than Iraqi and Malay males in their criticisms.  Finally, the study provides some pedagogical implications for teachers of English as a second and foreign language.

 

Author Biography

  • Shurooq Abboodi Ali, University of Baghdad, College of Arts, Department of English Language, Baghdad, Iraq.

    Dr. Shurooq Abboodi Ali is an assistant professor at College of Arts, University of Baghdad. She got PhD in Applied Linguistics from Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia. She has a number of published papers nationally and internationally. Her research interests are in the areas of pragmatics and discourse analysis.   

    Email:[email protected]

     

References

Abdullah, S. S. (2013), Pragmatic transfer in the speech acts of criticizing and respondingby EFL speakers of colloquial Egyptian Arabic. Retrieved February 27, 2018, from http://search.mandumah.com/Record/678905.

Ali, Sh. A. (2016). An interlanguage pragmatics study of Iraqi EFL learners’ use of request in student-faculty e-mail communication. (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Penang, Malaysia: Universiti Sains Malaysia.

Al Kayed, M. and Al-Ghoweri, H. (2019). A socio-pragmatic study of speech act of criticism in Jordanian Arabic. European Journal of Scientific Research, (1), 105-117

Austin, J. (1962). How to do things with words. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Beebe, L. M. & Cummings, M. C. (1996). Natural speech act data versus written questionnaire data: How data collection method affects speech act performance. In S. M. Gass & J. Neu (Eds.). Speech acts across cultures (pp. 65-86). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.

Bella, S. (2011). Mitigation and politeness in Greek invitation refusals: Effects of length of residence in the target community and intensity of interaction on non-native speakers’ performance. Journal of Pragmatics, 43(6), 1718-1740.

Blum-Kulka, S., House, J., & Kasper, G. (Eds.). (1989). Cross-cultural pragmatics: Requests and apologies. Norwood, NJ: Ablex.

Brown, P., & Levinson, S. C. (1987). Politeness: Some universals in language usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Caffi, C. (1999). On mitigation. Journal of Pragmatics, 31, 881–909.

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th Edition). New York: Pearson Education.

Darweesh, A. D. (2011). Speech act of criticizing in MSA Arabic. Retrieved February 28, 2018

from http:// search.mandumah.com/Record/681234.

Farnia, M. and Abdul Sattar, H. Q. (2015). A sociopragmatic analysis of the speech act of criticism by Persian native speakers. International Journal of Humanities and Cultural Studies, 2(3), 305-327.

Farnia, M. and Abdul Sattar, H. Q. (2014). A cross-cultural study of request speech act: Iraqi and Malay students. Applied Research on English Language, 3(2), 35-54.

Fraser, B. (1990). Perspectives on politeness. Journal of Pragmatics, 14(2), 219-236.

Holmes, J. (1995). Women, men and politeness. New York: Longman.

Kasper, G. & Dahl, M. (1991). Research methods in interlanguage pragmatics. Studies in second language acquisition, 13, 215-247.

Kecskes, I. (2017). Cross-cultural and intercultural pragmatics. In Y. Huang (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Pragmatics (PP: 400-415). Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Leech, G. (1983). Principles of pragmatics. London: Longman.

Mills, S. (2003). Gender and politeness. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Min, S. C. (2008). Study on the differences of speech act of criticism in Chinese and English. US-China Foreign Language, 6(3), 74-77.

Nguyen, M. T. (2005). Criticizing and responding to criticism in a foreign language: A study of Vietnamese learners of English (doctoral dissertation). Auckland: University of Auckland.

Nguyen, M. (2008). Criticizing in an L2: Pragmatic strategies used by Vietnamese EFL learners. Intercultural Pragmatics, 1(5), 41-66.

Roever, C. (2006). Validation of a web-based test of ESL pragmalinguistics. Language Testing, 23(2), 229-256.

Sasaki, M. (1998). Investigation EFL student’s production of speech acts: A comparison of production questionnaire and role-plays. Journal of Pragmatics, 30, 457-484.

Searle, J. (1979). Expression and meaning: Studies in the theory of speech acts. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Thomas, J. (1983). Cross-cultural pragmatic failure. Applied Linguistics, 4(2), 91-112.

Wierzbicka, A. (1987). English speech act verbs. A semantic dictionary. Marrickville: Academic Press Australia.

Downloads

Published

2020-06-01

Issue

Section

Department of English language

How to Cite

Gender and Supportive Moves of Criticism: Evidence from Iraqi-Arabic and Malay Speech Communities. (2020). Journal of the College of Languages (JCL), 42, 27-50. https://doi.org/10.36586/jcl.2.2020.0.42.0027

Publication Dates

Similar Articles

1-10 of 27

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.